唐家山滑坡变形运动机制的离散元模拟

 地震是滑坡灾害的一个重要触发因素,而这类形式的滑坡通常危害较大。以汶川地震触发的唐家山滑坡为例,在野外现场调查基础上,采用离散元数值模拟技术,对滑坡由变形累积到破坏滑动的全过程进行模拟,以研究地震作用下顺层岩质滑坡的变形破坏过程。结果表明：在地震力及滑体重力作用下,坡顶首先形成应力集中,滑体沿中后部的软弱面产生蠕变变形,随着持续的地震动力输入,应力不断向中前部的锁固段集中,使得变形沿接触面不断向坡脚方向扩展,最终从坡脚剪出,破裂面贯通形成滑带;通过滑动过程模拟表明,唐家山滑坡运动模式为：启动→高速滑动→碰撞停积→自稳过程,滑坡滑动过程中,斜坡表层部分块体在地震水平力作用下发生临空抛射现象,表层岩体在滑动过程中,受地震竖向作用力而发生垂直抛落现象;地震力作用下坡体中质点加速度、速度具有高程放大效应,表现为水平加速度放大系数大于竖向加速度放大系数、水平速度放大系数大于竖向速度放大系数,对比结构面监测点和基岩监测点加速度、速度放大系数,表明滑坡启动时具有较大的加速度,也说明不连续结构面对岩质边坡的动力反应起着控制性作用。     

综放面覆岩运动诱发冲击矿压机制研究

 基于砌体梁理论提出综放面覆岩运动的双向发展模式,分析综放面冲击矿压的能量来源和力源,利用微震监测技术对综放面覆岩运动的矿震效应进行监测。结果表明：覆岩运动的矿震活动呈周期性,冲击发生前矿震能量持续增大,冲击发生时达最大值,之后产生突降;冲击发生前,矿震频次先增大后有一定程度减小,冲击发生在频次下降沿,之后急剧下降;平均标高能够反映覆岩运动的空间形态,冲击发生前,平均标高逐渐增大,冲击发生或临近发生时,达到最大值,之后产生突降;矿震活动周期内,矿震空间分布先逐渐向上层位发展,冲击发生前,矿震空间分布达到最大值,工作面近距离岩层矿震活动强烈。指出综放面冲击矿压主要发生在覆岩运动下发展过程,可通过覆岩运动上发展过程的监测预防冲击矿压。     

No emotional “pop-out” effect in natural scene viewing.

It has been shown that attention is drawn toward emotional stimuli. In particular, eye movement research suggests that gaze is attracted toward emotional stimuli in an unconscious, automated manner. We addressed whether this effect remains when emotional targets are embedded within complex real-world scenes. Eye movements were recorded while participants memorized natural images. Each image contained an item that was either neutral, such as a bag, or emotional, such as a snake or a couple hugging. We found no latency difference for the first target fixation between the emotional and neutral conditions, suggesting no extrafoveal “pop-out” effect of emotional targets. However, once detected, emotional targets held attention for a longer time than neutral targets. The failure of emotional items to attract attention seems to contradict previous eye-movement research using emotional stimuli. However, our results are consistent with studies examining semantic drive of overt attention in natural scenes. Interpretations of the results in terms of perceptual and attentional load are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of Soil Water Salinity on Field Soil Hydraulic Functions

Unsaturated soil hydraulic parameters and functions used in numerical models to simulate water flow and solute transport in the unsaturated zone are generally considered invariant of soil water salinity levels. This study uses 5 years of field soil water salinity levels at three observation sites from the Land Retirement Demonstration Project (LRDP) (20069) located in western Fresno County, California, to test the hypothesis that field unsaturated soil hydraulic properties are also a function of soil water salinity level. The HYDRUS-1D software package for simulating one-dimensional (1D) movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably saturated media, and Parameter Estimation (PEST), a model-independent parameter optimizer, is used to optimize the soil hydraulic parameters and downward bottom flux corresponding to three different average soil salinity levels at each site. The results show that at the same pressure head, soil water content is less with higher soil water salinity as compared with lower soil water salinity. It is thus concluded that the use of soil water salinity invariant soil water hydraulic parameters in numerical modeling can seriously compromise predictions, especially for a variable soil water salinity environment.     

Wild analysis revisited: A comment on Summers (2011) and Zamanian (2011).

Recent papers by Summers (2011) and Zamanian (2011) are compared for their differing understanding of what makes psychoanalysis “wild” and are critiqued for their arguable assertions. The pairing of the papers attests to the continuing generativity of Freud's ideas and the excitement of contemporary psychoanalytic theorizing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

局部注射不同浓度骨保护素对大鼠正畸牙移动影响的研究

目的：研究局部注射不同浓度骨保护素对大鼠牙齿移动的影响。方法：选用10周龄雄性sD大鼠60只,分为实验组与对照组,实验组分0．5mg／kgOPG组和0．05mg／kgOPG组,每组20只。在右上颌第一磨牙施加40G左右力使其移向近中。在实验组和对照组大鼠右上颌第一磨牙腭侧粘骨膜下分别注入重组人骨保护素rhOPG—Fe和...     

面向残障人士的基于眼动交互的绘画系统

本文建立了一个面向严重肢体残障人士的眼动交互绘画系统.为此,首先给出了眼动数据的预处理与分析方法;为减弱米达斯(Midas)接触问题对眼动行为判别的影响,提出了基于时域约束的注视点聚类算法,可提取出注视点判断用户当前的视点中心,并据此进一步判断用户眼睛行为;针对眼动原始数据中的噪声影响,设计了窗口长度自适应的视点信号平滑处理方法,可减弱视点抖动产生的噪声,实现自由绘画较为平稳的绘画轨迹.在此基础上,设计并实现了基于ASL眼动仪的眼动交互式绘画系统.     

惯性稳定平台的稳定条件与陀螺安装位置

稳定平台具有广泛的用途和重要的作用,稳定条件与陀螺是惯性稳定平台稳定控制的关键.通过建立惯性坐标系对载体运动分析,提出了惯性稳定平台稳定控制的条件,针对双轴稳定平台系统研究了陀螺的4种安装位置与相应的补偿角速度,通过对惯性稳定特性分析,给出了陀螺最优安装位置.对陀螺漂移与平台稳定精度进行了阐述,对稳定平台系统设计提出了几点的建议.     

视频超分辨率重建技术综述

在获取视频过程中,有许多因素会导致视频质量的退化,使得视频的空间分辨率降低;而摄像机曝光时间和拍摄帧率又限制了视频的时间分辨率。视频超分辨率重建是一种能有效提高视频时间分辨率和空间分辨率的方法,已经在计算机视觉和图像处理等领域引起了广泛关注。详细阐述了视频超分辨率重建研究的概念和必要性,并较全面地回顾了超分辨率技术近年来的发展历程,对视频超分辨率重建中关键问题进行了较为深入的分析,指出了当今研究难点和今后的研究方向,对视频超分辨率重建的应用前景进行了展望。     

机械补风对体育场馆烟气运动的影响

基于FDS研究不同火源热释放速率下的补风口位置和补风量变化对大型体育场馆内烟气运动的影响。结果表明,适当提高补风量能够延缓烟气层下降速度,使场馆内达到的最高温度降低;补风口位于场馆下部时,顶棚区域所能达到的最高温度较低,烟气层下降速度较慢。此外,在实际烟气控制系统设计时,应注意补风气流不宜对火灾流场造成较大的扰动。